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African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's history (Pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions). A specialist in African studies is often referred to as an "Africanist". A key focus of the discipline is to interrogate epistemological approaches, theories and methods in traditional disciplines using a critical lens that inserts African-centred ways of knowing and references. For Africanists, also known as communitarians, problems within Africa are thought to be caused because the real flesh-and-blood communities that comprise Africa are marginalized from public life as so many "tribes". Therefore, the solution is understood to be the need to defend culture and put Africa's age-old communities at the center of African politics. It is also argued that there is a need to "deexoticize" Africa and banalise it, rather than understand Africa as exceptionalized and exoticized.〔Mamdani, M. (1996), Chapter 1 from Mamdani, M., ''Citizen and Subject: contemporary Africa and the legacy of late colonialism''.〕 ==Notable deceased Africanists== * Chinua Achebe (1930-2013) * J. F. Ade Ajayi (1929-2014) * Abdulrahman Mohamed Babu (1924-1996) * François Bassolet (1933-2001) * Albert Adu Boahen (1932–2006) * Amílcar Cabral (1924-1973) * Gwendolen M. Carter (1906-1991) * Patrick Chabal (1951-2014) * John Henrik Clarke (1915-1998) * Basil Davidson (1914-2010) * Kenneth Dike (1917-1983) * Cheikh Anta Diop (1923–1986) * Stephen Ellis (1953-2015) * John Fage (1921–2002) * Frantz Fanon (1925-1961) * Joseph Greenberg (1915-2001) * Marcel Griaule (1898-1956) * Manuel Iradier (1854–1911) * Ali Mazrui (1933-2014) * Carl Meinhof (1857–1944) * Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972) * Julius Nyerere (1922-1999) * Roland Oliver (1923-2014) * Jean Price-Mars (1876–1969) * Terence Ranger (1929-2015)〔(Tribute in ACAS Review 89, incl. bibliography (2015) )〕 * Robert Sutherland Rattray (1881–1938) * Walter Rodney (1942–1980) * Justinian Rweyemamu (1942-1982) * Jean Suret-Canale (1921–2007) * Diedrich Westermann (1875–1956) * Ivor Wilks (1928-2014) * Andrzej Zajączkowski (1922–1994) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「african studies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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